Energy Usage Analysis of Buildings |
Energy usage analysis of buildings involves four principal steps. First is the calculation of heat loss and gain to the building spaces and the heating and cooling loads imposed upon... |
Azimuth Angles of Building Surfaces |
Building Envelope (also known as building shell) The envelope consists of walls, windows, doors, roofs and skylights. It provides separation and protection from outdoor... |
The Earth and Sun - Latitude and Longitude |
The planet Earth is part of the Solar system with the Sun at the center. There are other planets in the solar system. Mercury and... |
Gases & Liquids (Fluids) and Solids: |
The compound H2O (2 molecules of the element Hydrogen combined with 1 molecule of the element Oxygen) can exist in 3 states. They are solid... |
Psychrometrics |
Psychrometric Parameters Figure Dry Bulb (DB) temperature is the temperature of air as registered by an ordinary (mercury) thermometer. DB temp is indicative of the sensible... |
WEATHER DATA |
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific location at a certain time. It consists of temperature (dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point), barometric pressure, wind speed and... |
User's Manual for TMY2s |
Preface This user's manual describes typical meteorological year (TMY) data sets derived from the 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB). Because they are based on more... |
Comfort |
Physiological Tolerance Human societies have existed centuries without modern technology to provide comfort. Outdoor air dry-bulb temperature conditions range from -60oF to +130 oF.... |
Heat Transfer |
Three modes of heat transfer are; Conduction Convection Radiation When two solids at different temperature are placed in thermal contact with each other, there is a flow of heat... |
Summer Cooling Loads |
Room: Calculate the peak cooling loads (a) Sensible (b) Latent Zone: Simultaneous peak of rooms + zone loads (terminal fans, recirculation air, etc.) System: Simultaneous peak of... |
HEAT GAINS and LOSSES : ROOFS and WALLS |
Roof and wall are analyzed in the same way. In winter the heat loss is simple transmission based on the inside and outside temperature, and U-value of composite structure; Q(... |
HEAT GAINS and LOSSES : WINDOWS and SKYLIGHTS (Glass) |
The heat gain components through glass consists of solar radiation and conduction. Solar radiation is considered in two parts - direct and diffuse (or scatter). Diffuse radiation is... |
INTERNAL HEAT GAINS (IHG) |
The sources of internal heat gains (IHG) include: PEOPLE (sensible and latent heat gain) LIGHTS (sensible heat gain only) EQUIPMENT (a) Receptacles or electrical plug loads (sensible... |
VENTILATION, INFILTRATION & EXFILTRATION |
Outdoor Air is assumed to be fresh, clean air made up of the right combination of oxygen (21%), nitrogen (78%), and other gases (1% hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor).... |
Glass Information |
The information in the table below is based on 1/4" exterior pane, 1/2" space and 1/4" interior pane. Standard Low-E coating used in all H Window products is Guardian 71/38 (number 5... |
Building Science Insight |
Glass and Metal CurtainWall Systems R.L. Quirouette Foreward This paper is a reprinted version of Building Practice Note No. 37, entitled "Building Envelope Design Using Metal and... |
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART CARRIER |
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART TRANE |
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INSULATION |
U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Building Technologies Program INSULATION Insulation works by slowing down heat as it travels through walls,... |
Map of DOE’s Proposed Climate Zones |
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Understanding Vapor Barriers |
The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, August 2004. © Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is... |
Advanced HVAC Course |
Welcome to the advanced HVAC course. Proceed carefully! |
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