A heatpump is a device that can both produce heating and cooling. They are often used in climates with mild winters. However, recent technological improvements have allowed geothermal heatpumps to operate in virtually any climate.
In the energy industry, the internal rate of return is essentially the effective interest rate returned on an energy investment. It accounts for the time value of money, and is determined by solving for the discount rate that yields a 0 net present value. If the internal rate of return is higher than the cost of Capital (rate you could get a loan for), it indicates a good energy investment.
KW/ton is a measure of efficiency that is equal to the Peak Power Draw (kw) divided by the Peak cooling consumption (tons). A lower KW/ton means a unit is more efficient.
The lighting power density or LPD is the lighting load in watts/sq ft (or watts/square meter). If the building has a plenum, it is important to know how much of this load is delivered to the space and the plenum. Lights consume electricity, and are a source of sensible load
In HVAC, the load is the amount of heating or cooling per unit of time. For cooling, this is often measured in Tons or MBH. For heating, this is often measured in MBH or KW
A make up air unit provides outside air, which is typically conditioned at the makeup air unit. The make up air is typically supplied to an AHU, or can be supplied room direct. Make up air is useful for controllability of and prevents over ventilation
NPV is the "current value" of a product projected over it's lifetime. It accounts for the time value of money, based on the discount rate, or interest rate that you could get if you put the money in the bank or other investments