Design Standards ASHRAE IES

HDD65 = Heating Degree DaysBase 65oF M-Bld = Metal Building S-Frm = Steel Framed No-Swg = No Swing (Wood Framed not shown)

CDD65 = Cooling Degree DaysBase 50 F Floors Roofs Walls Doors Windows Windows Windows Skylights Skylights
Table HDD65 CDD50 Location Examples Mass Attic M-Bld M-Bld S-Frm No-Swg Swing 20% to 30% 30% to 40% 40% to 50% 0% to 2% 2% to 5%
U U U U U U U U SHGC U SHGC U SHGC U SHGC U SHGC
B-1 0 - 900 10801 + Bangkok 0.322 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.19 1.22 0.19 1.22 0.14 1.36 0.19 1.36 0.19
B-2 0 - 900 9001 - 10800 Miami, Honolulu 0.322 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.19 1.36 0.36 1.36 0.19
B-3 0 - 900 7201 - 9000 Orlando, Tampa 0.322 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.19 1.36 0.36 1.36 0.19
B-4 0 - 900 0 - 7200 Mexico City 0.322 0.034 0.065 0.123 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.40 1.22 0.40 1.22 0.31 1.36 0.61 1.36 0.25
B-5 901 - 1800 7201 + Houston, Phoenix 0.137 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.17 1.36 0.36 1.36 0.19
B-6 901 - 1800 5401 - 7200 Austin, New Orleans 0.137 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.17 1.36 0.39 1.36 0.25
B-7 901 - 1800 0 - 5400 Sydney, Los Angeles 0.137 0.034 0.072 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.44 1.22 0.44 1.22 0.31 1.36 0.61 1.36 0.39
B-8 1801 - 2700 5401 + Dallas, Las Vegas 0.137 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.25 1.22 0.15 1.36 0.39 1.36 0.19
B-9 1801 - 2700 0 - 5400 Rome, Oakland 0.137 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 1.22 0.39 1.22 0.34 1.22 0.20 1.36 0.61 1.36 0.39
B-10 2701 - 3600 5401 + Greenville MS 0.107 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.25 0.57 0.25 0.46 0.19 0.69 0.39 0.69 0.19
B-11 2701 - 3600 3601 - 5400 Shanghai, Atlanta 0.107 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.46 0.27 0.69 0.49 0.69 0.39
B-12 2701 - 3600 0 - 3600 San Francisco 0.137 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.61 0.57 0.39 0.73 0.39 0.69 0.61 1.36 0.61
B-13 3601 - 5400 3601 + Baltimore, St. Louis 0.107 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.46 0.25 0.69 0.49 0.69 0.39
B-14 3601 - 5400 1801 - 3600 New York, Seattle 0.107 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.46 0.26 0.69 0.49 0.69 0.39
B-15 3601 - 5400 0 - 1800 Crescent City CA 0.107 0.034 0.065 0.113 0.124 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.49 0.57 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.69 0.68 0.69 0.49
B-16 5401 - 7200 3601 + Beijing, Champaign 0.087 0.027 0.065 0.113 0.084 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.46 0.23 0.69 0.49 0.69 0.39
B-17 5401 - 7200 1801 - 3600 Chicago, Boston 0.087 0.027 0.065 0.113 0.084 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.46 0.26 0.69 0.49 0.69 0.39
B-18 5401 - 7200 0 - 1800 Vancouver 0.107 0.027 0.065 0.113 0.084 1.45 0.70 0.57 0.49 0.57 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.69 0.68 0.69 0.49
B-19 7201 - 9000 1801 + Montreal, Minneapolis 0.087 0.027 0.065 0.113 0.084 0.50 0.70 0.57 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.46 0.26 0.69 0.49 0.69 0.49
B-20 7201 - 9000 0 - 1800 Montreal, Minneapolis 0.087 0.027 0.065 0.113 0.084 0.50 0.70 0.57 0.49 0.57 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.69 0.68 0.69 0.49
B-21 9001 - 10800 1801 + Fargo, Grand Forks 0.074 0.027 0.065 0.106 0.064 0.50 0.70 0.46 0.36 0.46 0.36 0.35 0.32 0.58 0.49 0.58 0.49
B-22 9001 - 10800 0 - 1800 Anchorage, Duluth 0.087 0.027 0.065 0.057 0.064 0.50 0.70 0.46 0.49 0.46 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.58 0.68 0.69 0.64
B-23 10801-12600 0 + Edmonton, CAN 0.074 0.027 0.055 0.057 0.064 0.50 0.7 0.46 NR 0.46 NR 0.35 NR 0.58 NR 0.58 NR
B-24 12601-16200 0 + Fairbanks, AK 0.064 0.027 0.049 0.057 0.064 0.50 0.5 0.46 NR 0.46 NR 0.35 NR 0.58 NR 0.58 NR
B-25 16201-19800 0 + Churchill, CAN 0.064 0.027 0.049 0.057 0.064 0.50 0.5 0.43 NR 0.43 NR 0.33 NR 0.55 NR 0.55 NR
B-26 19801 + 0 + Barrow, AK 0.057 0.017 0.047 0.057 0.055 0.50 0.5 0.32 NR 0.32 NR 0.25 NR 0.55 NR 0.55 NR
CDD50 Range Temperature Bins for the Prescriptive Envelope Criteria
10,801 + 1
9,001 - 10,800 2
7,201 - 9,000 3 5
5,401 - 7,200 4 6 8 10
3,601 - 5,400 7 9 11 13 16
1,801 - 3,600 12 14 17 19 21
0 - 1,800 15 18 20 22 23 24 25 26
HDD65 0 - 901 - 1,801 - 2,701 - 3,601 - 5,401 - 7,201 9,001 - 10,801 - 12,601 - 16,201 - 19,801 +
Range 900 1,800 2,700 3,600 5,400 7,200 9,000 10,800 12,600 16,200 19,800

ASHRAE Std 90.1 - 2004 Lighting Power Densities (LPD)

TABLE 9.5.1
Lighting Power Densities (LPD)
Using the Building Area Method

Where both general building area type
and a specific building area type are listed,
the specific building area type shall apply.

Building Area Typea LPD
(W/ft2)
Automotive Facility 0.9
Convention Center 1.2
Court House 1.2
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.3
Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 1.4
Dining: Family 1.6
Dormitory 1.0
Exercise Center 1.0
Gymnasium 1.1
Health Care-Clinic 1.0
Hospital 1.2
Hotel 1.0
Library 1.3
Manufacturing Facility 1.3
Motel 1.0
Motion Picture Theater 1.2
Multi-Family 0.7
Museum 1.1
Office 1.0
Parking Garage 0.3
Penitentiary 1.0
Performing Arts Theater 1.6
Police/Fire Station 1.0
Post Office 1.1
Religious Building 1.3
Retail 1.5
School/University 1.2
Sports Arena 1.1
Town Hall 1.1
Transportation 1.0
Warehouse 0.8
Workshop 1.4

TABLE 9.6.1       Where both a common space type and a building specific type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply Lighting Power Densities (LPD) Using Space by Space Method

Building Area Typea LPD
(W/ft2)
Office-Enclosed 1.1
Office-Open Plan 1.1
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 1.3
Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.4
For Penitentiary 1.3
Lobby 1.3
Hotel 1.1
Performing Arts Theater 3.3
Motion Picture Theater 1.1
Audience/Seating Area 0.9
Gymnasium 0.4
Exercise Center 0.3
Convention Center 0.7
Penitentiary 0.7
Religious Buildings 1.7
Sports Arena 0.4
Performing Arts Theater 2.6
Motion Picture Theater 1.2
Transportation 0.5
Atrium-First Three Floors 0.6
Atrium-Each Additional Floor 0.2
Lounge/Recreation 1.2
For Hospital 0.8
Dining Area 0.9
For Penitentiary 1.3
For Hotel 1.3
For Motel 1.2
For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 1.4
For Family Dining 2.1
Food Preparation 1.2
Laboratory 1.4
Restrooms 0.9
Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 0.6
Corridor/Transition 0.5
For Hospital 1.0
For Manufacturing Facility 0.5
Stairs-Active 0.6
Active Storage 0.8
For Hospital 0.9
Inactive storage 0.3
Building Area Typea LPD
(W/ft2)
Museum
General Exhibition 1.0
Museum 0.8
Restoration 1.7
Bank/Office-Banking Activity Area 1.5
Gymnasium/Exercise Center
Playing Area 1.4
Exercise Area 0.9
Courthouse/Police Station/Penitentiary
Courtroom 1.9
Confinement Cells 0.9
Judges Chambers 1.3
Fire Stations
Fire Station Engine Room 0.8
Sleeping Quarters 0.3
Post Office-Sorting Area 1.2
Convention Center-Exhibit Space 1.3
Library
Card File and Cataloging 1.1
Stacks 1.7
Reading Area 1.2
Hospital
Emergency 2.7
Recovery 0.8
Nurse Station 1.0
Exam/Treatment 1.5
Pharmacy 1.2
Patient Room 0.7
Operating Room 2.2
Nursery 0.6
Medical Supply 1.4
Physical Therapy 0.9
Radiology 0.4
Laundry-Washing 0.6
Automotive-Service/Repair 0.7
Manufacturing
Low Bay (<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height 1.2
High Bay (?25 ft Floor to Ceiling Heig 1.7
Detailed Manufacturing 2.1
Building Area Typea LPD
(W/ft2)
Equipment Room 1.2
Control Room 0.5
Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms 1.1
Electrical/Mechanical 1.5
Workshop 1.9
Religious Buildings 2.4
Worship Pulpit, Choir
Fellowship Hall 0.9
Retail [accent lighting 9.3.1.2.1(c)]
Sales Area 1.7
Mall Concourse 1.7
Sports Arena
Ring Sports Area 2.7
Court Sports Area 2.3
Indoor Playing Field Area 1.4
Warehouse
Fine Material Storage 1.4
Medium/Bulky Material Storage 0.9
Parking Garage-Garage Area 0.2
Transportation
Airport-Concourse 0.6
Air/Train/Bus-Baggage Area 1.0
Terminal-Ticket Counter 1.5
ASHRAE Std 62-2004 cfm /P L/s /P cfm /ft2 L/s /m2P P/1000 sf ft2 /P cfm /P L/s /P Class
P/100 m2
Cell 5 2.5 0.12 0.6 25 40 10 4.9 2
Day room 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 30 33 7 3.5 1
Guard stations 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 15 67 9 4.5 1
Booking/waiting 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 50 20 9 4.4 2
Educational Facilities
Daycare (through age 4) 10 5 0.18 0.9 25 40 17 8.6 2
Classrooms (ages 5-8) 10 5 0.12 0.6 25 40 15 7.4 1
Lecture classroom 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 65 15 8 4 1
Lecture Hall (fixed seats) 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 150 7 8 4 1
Art classroom 10 5 0.18 0.9 20 50 19 9.5 2
Science laboratories 10 5 0.18 0.9 25 40 17 8.6 -
Wood/metal shop 10 5 0.18 0.9 20 50 19 9.5 2
Computer lab 10 5 0.12 0.6 25 40 15 7.4 1
Media center 10 5 0.12 0.6 25 40 15 7.4 1
Music/theater/dance 10 5 0.06 0.3 35 29 12 5.9 1
Multi-use assembly 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 100 8 4.1 1
Food and Beverage Service
Restaurant dining rooms 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 70 14 10 5.1 2
Cafeteria/fast food/dining 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 100 10 9 4.7 2
Bars, cocktail lounges 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 100 10 9 4.7 2
General
Conference/meeting 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 50 20 6 3.1 1
Corridors - - 0.06 0.3 - 1
Storage rooms - - 0.12 0.6 - 1
Hotels, Motels, Resorts, Dormitories
Bedroom/living Room 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 10 100 11 5.5 1
Barracks sleeping areas 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 20 50 8 4 1
Lobbies/pre-function 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 30 33 10 4.8 1
Multi-purpose assembly 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 120 8 6 2.8 1
Office Buildings
Office space 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 5 200 17 8.5 1
Reception areas 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 30 33 7 3.5 1
Telephone/data entry 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 60 17 6 3 1
Main entry lobbies 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 10 100 11 5.5 1
Miscellaneous Spaces
Bank vaults/safe deposit 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 5 200 17 8.5 2
Computer (not printing) 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 4 250 20 10 1
Pharmacy (prep. area) 5 2.5 0.18 0.9 10 100 23 11.5 2
Photo studios 5 2.5 0.12 0.6 10 100 17 8.5 2
Shipping/receiving - 0.12 0.6 - 1
Transportation waiting 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 100 10 8 4.1 1
Warehouses - - 0.06 0.3 - 2
Public Assembly Spaces
Auditorium seating area 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 150 7 5 2.7 1
Places religious workshop 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 120 8 6 2.8 1
Courtrooms 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 70 14 6 2.9 1
Legislative chambers 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 50 20 6 3.1 1
Libraries 5 2.5 0.12 0.6 10 100 17 8.5 1
Lobbies 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 150 7 5 2.7 1
Museums (children) 7.5 3.8 0.12 0.6 40 25 11 5.3 1
Museums/galleries 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 40 25 9 4.6 1
Retail
Sales (except as below) 7.5 3.8 0.12 0.6 15 67 16 7.8 2
Mall common areas 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 40 25 9 4.6 1
Barber shop 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 25 40 10 5 2
Beauty and nail salons 20 10 0.12 0.6 25 40 25 12.4 2
Pet shops (animal areas) 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 10 100 26 12.8 2
Supermarket 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 8 125 15 7.6 1
Coin-operated     laundries 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 20 50 11 5.3 2
Sports and Entertainment
Sports arena (play area) - - 0.3 1.5 - 1
Gym, stadium (play area) - - 0.3 30 33 2
Spectator areas 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 150 7 8 4 1
Swimming (pool & deck) - - 0.48 2.4 - 2
Disco/dance     floors 20 10 0.06 0.3 100 10 21 10.3 1
Health club/aerobics room 20 10 0.06 0.3 40 25 22 10.8 2
Health club/weight rooms 20 10 0.06 0.3 10 100 26 13 2
Bowling alley (seating) 10 5 0.12 0.6 40 25 13 6.5 1
Gambling casinos 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 120 8 9 4.6 1
Game arcades 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 20 50 17 8.3 1
Stages, studios 10 5 0.06 0.3 70 14 11 5.4 1
ASHRAE Standards 90.1-2001 : Lighting Power Densities (Watts/ft2)
62-2001 : Occupancy and Ventilation
Lights Occupancy
Space Type W/ft2 ft2/P cfm/P
Airport Concourse 0.7
Atrium (1st 3 floors) 1.3
Atrium (above 3 floors 0.3
Audience Seating 0.5 8 15
Ballroom / Disco 15 25
Baggage Area 1.3
Banking Activity 2.4
Classroom, Training 1.6 20 15
Conference, Meeting 1.5 20 20
Convention Exhibit 3.3
Corridors, School 1.6 14 15
Courtrooms 2.1
Dining Area 1.4 15 20
Dormitories 1.9 50 15
Dressing/Lockers 0.8
Electrical, Mechanical 1.3
Emergency 2.8
Equipment Room 0.8
Examination 1.6
Exercise Area 1.1
Factory High Bay 3.0
Factory Low Bay 2.1
Fire Station Engine 0.9
Food Preparation 2.2 50 15
Garage Service Repair 1.4
Gym/Playing Area 1.9
Hotel Guest Rooms 2.5
Indoor Sports Court 4.3 14 15
Indoor Sports Field 1.9
Indoor Sports Ring 3.8
Judges Chambers 1.1
Laboratory 1.8 33 20
Laundry 0.7 33 25
Library Card Filing 1.4
Library Reading Area 1.8 50 15
Library Stacks 1.9
Lobby 1.8 33 15
Lockers 0.8
Lights Occupancy
Space Type W/ft2 ft2/P cfm/P
Lounge, Recreation 1.4 100 30
Lounge Smoking 17 60
Mall Concourse 1.8
Manuf. Detailing 6.2
Medical Supply 3.0
Museum Exhibition 1.6
Museum Restoration 2.5
Nurse Station 1.8
Nursery 1.0
Office - Enclosed 1.5
Office - Open Plan 1.3 143 20
Operating Rm 7.6 50 30
Parking 0.2
Patient Room 1.2 100 25
Pharmacy 2.3 50 15
Physical Therapy 1.9 50 15
Police Laboratory 1.8
Post Office Sorting 1.7
Prison Cells 1.1
Private Living Room 2.5
Radiology 0.4
Reception Lobby 17 15
Recovery 2.6 50 15
Restrooms 1.0
Retail General Sales 2.1 33 20
Sleeping Quarters 1.1
Stairs Active 0.9
Storage 1.1
Storage (Active) 2.9
Storage Inactive 0.3
Storage Medium 1.1
Telecomm 17 20
Ticket Counter 1.8 17 20
Toilets 33 50
Treatment 1.6 50 15
Workshop 2.5
Worship Choir 5.2
Worship Hall 2.3
Illum. Footcandles Lux Type of Activity Reference
Categ. lumens/sqft lumens/sqm Work-Plane
A 2-3-5 20-30-50 Public spaces with dark surroundings,
Inactive Basements		 general
lighting
throughout
spaces
B 5-7.5-10 50-75-100 Short temporary waiting areas
Dance Halls, Discotheques, Bedrooms
C 10-15-20 100-150-200 Temporary visual tasks, auditoriums,
Elevators, Lobbies, Corridors, Toilets
D 20-30 50 200-300-500 High contrast visual tasks - large size
Offices, Libraries Reading lounges		 luminaire
lighting
directed
on tasks
E 50-75-100 500-750-1,000 Medium contrast visual tasks - small size
Laboratories, Barber shops, Kitchens
F 100-150-200 1,000-1,500-2,000 Low contrast visual tasks - small size
Sewing, Inspection, Laboratories
G 200-300-500 2,000-3,000-5,000 Low contrast visual tasks - very small size
Prolonged performance, Operating rooms		 general
illumination
and task
lighting
H 500-750-1,000 5,000-7,500-10,00 Performance of prolonged and exacting
visual tasks, Dental oral cavity
I 1,000-1,500-2,000 10,000-15,000-20,000 Performance of very special visual tasks of
extremely low contrast and small size.
Light Source Lumens Lumens CCT CRI
per Watt
100 watt incandescent 1,750 18 3,000 98
100 watt tungsten halogen 1,880 19 3,200 100
40 watt fluorescent 3,150 79 3,400 57
175 watt metal halide 14,000 80 3,700 60
150 watt high press sodium 16,000 107 2,100 21
Typical Luminance (viewed directly)
Sun ######
Moon 2
Candle 7
60 watt incandescent lamp 8
40 watt fluorescent lamp 5
500 watt tungsten filament 7,500
High pressure mercury arc 1,000
Metric Symbol English (IP) Units Metric (SI) Units Comments
Luminous Flux F Lumens Lumens Light Flow Quantity
Luminous Intensity I CandlePower or Candela Candela Light Production
Illuminance E Lumens/Sq.Ft., FootCandles Lumens/Sq.M., Lux Light Received
Luminance L Candelas / Sq.Ft. Candelas / Sq.M. Reflected - Intensity
Luminous Exitance M Lumens / Sq.Ft. Lumens / Sq.M. Reflected Illuminance

10 CFR 434 Criteria for Cooling

CFR
Unitary Air Conditioners BTUH EER COP Kw/T EIR
AC Units, Air Cooled >= 65,000 < 135,000 8.9 2.61 1.35 0.38
Single & Split >= 135,000 < 240,000 8.5 2.49 1.41 0.40
>= 240,000 < 760,000 8.5 2.49 1.41 0.40
>= 760,000 8.3 2.43 1.45 0.41
AC Units, Water/Evap Cooled >= 65,000 < 135,000 10.5 3.08 1.14 0.32
Single & Split >= 135,000 < 240,000 9.6 2.81 1.25 0.36
>= 240,000 9.6 2.81 1.25 0.36
Condensing Units, Air Cooled >= 135,000 9.9 2.90 1.21 0.34
Cond. Units, Water/Evap Cooled >= 135,000 12.9 3.78 0.93 0.26
CFR
Unitary Air Conditioners BTUH EER COP Kw/T EIR
HP Units, Air Cooled >= 65,000 < 135,000 8.9 2.61 1.35 0.38
Single & Split >= 135,000 < 240,000 8.5 2.49 1.41 0.40
>= 240,000 8.5 2.49 1.41 0.40
HP, Water Source, EWT = 85 >= 65,000 < 135,000 10.5 3.08 1.14 0.32
HP, Water Source, EWT = 75 >= 65,000 < 135,000 11.0 3.22 1.09 0.31
Ground Source HP, EWT = 77 < 135,000 10.0 2.93 1.20 0.34
EWT = 70 < 135,000 10.4 3.05 1.15 0.33
Ground Water HP,  EWT = 70 < 135,000 11.0 3.22 1.09 0.31
EWT = 50 < 135,000 11.5 3.37 1.04 0.30
CFR
Water Chilling Packages TONS EER COP Kw/T EIR
Air Cooled + Condenser < 150 9.2 2.70 1.30 0.37
Air Cooled All 10.6 3.10 1.13 0.32
Water Cooled Reciproc. All 13.0 3.80 0.93 0.26
Watr Coold Rotary/Screw/Scroll < 150 13.0 3.80 0.93 0.26
>= 150 < 300 14.3 4.20 0.84 0.24
>= 300 17.7 5.20 0.68
Water Cooled Centrifugal < 150 13.0 3.80 0.93 0.26
>= 150 < 300 14.3 4.20 0.84 0.24
>= 300 17.7 5.20 0.68 0.19
Absorption, Indirect Fired All 3.2 0.95 3.70 1.05
Absorption, Direct Fired All 3.2 0.95 3.70 1.05

STD90 for Centrif. Chillers > 300 Tons, 3 gpm/ton Condenser Water Flow

Levg-CHW-T 44 42 40 44 42 40 44 42 40
Entg-CW-T 75 75 75 80 80 80 85 85 85
COP 7.09 6.87 6.77 6.58 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.86 5.58
Kw/Ton 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.63
EER 24.19 23.44 23.10 22.45 21.84 21.15 20.81 19.99 19.04

STD90 for Centrif. & Absorp Chillers > 300 Tons, 3 gpm/ton Cond. Water Flow

CHILLERS ( > 300 Tons) COP EIR EER Kw/T
Absorption, Double-Effect, Direct Fired 1.00 1.00 3.41 3.52
Absorption, Double-Effect, Indirect Fired 1.00 1.00 3.41 3.52
Absorption, Water-Cooled, Single-Effect 0.70 1.43 2.39 5.02
Absorption, Air-Cooled, Single-Effect 0.60 1.67 2.05 5.86
Centrifugal, Water-Cooled > 300 Tons 6.10 0.16 20.81 0.58
Rotary Screw, Scroll, Water-Cooled 5.50 0.18 18.77 0.64
Reciprocating, Water-Cooled 4.20 0.24 14.33 0.84

10 CFR 434 Criteria for Equipment

Watr-Coold Cntrf Chllrs COP 5.2 = 0.68 kw/ton
Direct Fired Absrp Chllrs COP 0.95 = 3.7 kw/ton
Water-Cooled Condensing Unit EER = 12.9
Gas or Oil Fired Hot Water Boilers Minimum Efficiency = 80%
GSHP Cooling at 50 EWT: EER=11.5, Kw/Ton=1.043 (COP=3.37)
GSHP Cooling at 70 EWT: EER=10.4, Kw/Ton=1.154 (COP=3.05)
GSHP Heating at 41 EWT: EER=2.7, Kw/Ton=4.44 (COP=0.79)
GSHP Heating at 50 EWT: COP=3.0, Kw/Ton=1.173 (EER=10.24)

10 CFR 434

BOILERS ( > 2,500,000 btu/hr ) % Eff HIR
Natural Gas Hot Water or Steam Boiler 80 1.25
Oil-Fired Hot Water or Steam Boiler 83 1.20
Natural Gas Service Hot Water Heaters 80 1.25
District Steam / Hot Water 100 1.00
KW / TON = 3.517 / COP EIR = (KW/TON) / 3.517
KW / TON = 12 / EER EIR = 3.412 * KW / BTUH
KW / TON = 3.517 * EIR EER = 3.412 * COP
COP = 0.293 * EER EER = Tons*12000/KW*1000
COP = Tons*12000/KW*3412 HIR = 1 / Efficiency
HIR = Btuh-IN / Btuh-OUT

ASHRAE Std 90.1 - 2001 COPs for Centrifugal Chillers >+ 300 Tons

COP x 3.412 = EER 3.412
3.517 / COP = Kw/Ton 3.517
12 / (Kw/Ton) = EER 12
Evprtr Cndnsr CW to **** Condenser Water Temp Rise ( CW-LWT - CW-EWT ) **** **** Condenser Water Temp Rise ( CW-LWT - CW-EWT ) ****
CHW CW CHW CW Temp Rise=14.04 CW Temp Rise=11.23 CW Temp Rise=9.36 CW Temp Rise=7.02 CW Temp Rise=5.62 CW Temp Rise=4.68
LWT EWT LIFT CW GPM/Ton=2.0 CW GPM/Ton=2.5 CW GPM/Ton = 3.0 CW GPM/Ton=4.0 CW GPM/Ton=5.0 CW GPM/Ton=6.0
A B B-A COP EER Kw/Tn COP EER Kw/Tn COP EER Kw/Tn COP EER Kw/Tn COP EER Kw/Tn COP EER Kw/Tn
46 75 29 6.80 23.20 0.52 7.11 24.26 0.49 7.35 25.08 0.48 7.71 26.31 0.46 7.97 27.19 0.44 8.16 27.84 0.43
45 75 30 6.71 22.89 0.52 6.99 23.85 0.50 7.21 24.60 0.49 7.55 25.76 0.47 7.78 26.55 0.45 7.96 27.16 0.44
44 75 31 6.61 22.55 0.53 6.89 23.51 0.51 7.09 24.19 0.50 7.40 25.25 0.48 7.61 26.97 0.46 7.77 26.51 0.45
43 75 32 6.52 22.25 0.54 6.79 23.17 0.52 6.98 23.82 0.50 7.26 24.77 0.48 7.45 25.42 0.47 7.60 25.93 0.46
42 75 33 6.43 21.94 0.55 6.69 22.83 0.53 6.87 23.44 0.51 7.13 24.33 0.49 7.31 24.94 0.48 7.44 25.39 0.47
41 75 34 6.33 21.60 0.56 6.60 22.52 0.53 6.77 23.10 0.52 7.02 23.95 0.50 7.18 24.50 0.49 7.30 24.91 0.48
46 80 34 6.33 21.60 0.56 6.60 22.52 0.53 6.77 23.10 0.52 7.02 23.95 0.50 7.18 24.50 0.49 7.30 24.91 0.48
40 75 35 6.23 21.26 0.56 6.50 22.18 0.54 6.68 22.79 0.53 6.91 23.58 0.51 7.06 24.09 0.50 7.17 24.46 0.49
45 80 35 6.23 21.26 0.56 6.50 22.18 0.54 6.68 22.79 0.53 6.91 23.58 0.51 7.06 24.09 0.50 7.17 24.46 0.49
44 80 36 6.13 20.92 0.57 6.41 21.87 0.55 6.58 22.45 0.53 6.81 23.24 0.52 6.95 23.71 0.51 7.05 24.05 0.50
43 80 37 6.02 20.54 0.58 6.31 21.53 0.56 6.49 22.14 0.54 6.71 22.89 0.52 6.85 23.37 0.51 6.94 23.68 0.51
42 80 38 5.90 20.13 0.60 6.21 21.19 0.57 6.40 21.84 0.55 6.61 22.55 0.53 6.75 23.03 0.52 6.84 23.34 0.51
41 80 39 5.77 16.69 0.61 6.11 20.85 0.58 6.30 21.50 0.56 6.52 22.25 0.54 6.65 22.69 0.53 6.74 23.00 0.52
46 85 39 5.77 16.69 0.61 6.11 20.85 0.58 6.30 21.50 0.56 6.52 22.25 0.54 6.65 22.69 0.53 6.74 23.00 0.52
45 85 40 5.63 19.21 0.62 6.00 20.47 0.59 6.20 21.15 0.57 6.43 21.94 0.55 6.56 22.38 0.54 6.65 22.69 0.52
44 85 41 5.47 18.66 0.64 5.87 20.03 0.60 6.10 20.81 0.58 6.33 21.60 0.56 6.47 22.08 0.54 6.55 22.35 0.54
43 85 42 5.30 18.08 0.66 5.74 19.58 0.61 5.98 20.40 0.59 6.24 21.29 0.56 6.37 21.73 0.55 6.46 22.04 0.54
42 85 43 5.11 17.44 0.69 5.60 19.11 0.63 5.86 19.99 0.60 6.13 20.92 0.57 6.28 21.43 0.56 6.37 21.73 0.55
41 85 44 4.90 16.72 0.72 5.44 18.56 0.65 5.72 19.52 0.61 6.02 20.54 0.58 6.17 21.05 0.57 6.27 21.39 0.56
40 85 45 4.68 15.97 0.75 5.26 17.95 0.67 5.58 19.04 0.63 6.90 20.13 0.60 6.07 20.71 0.58 6.17 21.05 0.57

About the Author

Varkie Thomas
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Research Professor College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, Illinois, USA

Varkie Thomas taught graduate courses in Energy Efficient Building Design, Building Energy Performance Analysis and advised doctoral candidates (1996-2008) as an Adjunct Professor at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) from SOM. He is currently a Research Professor with the Ph.D. program at IIT. He was a member of the UN Technical Program to China in 1991 and a Visiting Professor from Purdue in Malaysia in 1996/97 funded by the World Bank.

Academic: B.Sc. (Honors) in Mathematics from St. Xavier’s College Bombay University; Post-Graduate Diploma in Environmental Engineering from London South Bank University; Post-Graduate Diploma (with Distinction) and Ph.D. in Industrial Management from Strathclyde University Glasgow. Registered Professional Engineer (P.E.) and Certified Energy Manager (CEM - Association. of Energy Engineers).