Energy Usage Analysis of Buildings |
Energy usage analysis of buildings involves four principal steps. First is the calculation of heat loss and gain to the building spaces and the heating and cooling loads imposed upon... |
Azimuth Angles of Building Surfaces |
Building Envelope (also known as building shell) The envelope consists of walls, windows, doors, roofs and skylights. It provides separation and protection from outdoor... |
The Earth and Sun. |
The planet Earth is part of the Solar system with the Sun at the center. There are other planets in the solar system. Mercury and Venus are closer to the Sun, and Mars, Jupiter, Saturn... |
Gases & Liquids (Fluids) and Solids: |
The compound H2O (2 molecules of the element Hydrogen combined with 1 molecule of the element Oxygen) can exist in 3 states. They are solid (ice), liquid (water) and gas (steam). This... |
Psychrometrics |
Psychrometric Parameters Figure Dry Bulb (DB) temperature is the temperature of air as registered by an ordinary (mercury) thermometer. DB temp is indicative of the sensible... |
WEATHER DATA |
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific location at a certain time. It consists of temperature (dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point), barometric pressure, wind speed and... |
User's Manual for TMY2s |
Preface This user's manual describes typical meteorological year (TMY) data sets derived from the 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB). Because they are based on more... |
Comfort |
Physiological Tolerance Human societies have existed centuries without modern technology to provide comfort. Outdoor air dry-bulb temperature conditions range from -60oF to +130 oF.... |
Heat Transfer |
Three modes of heat transfer are; Conduction Convection Radiation When two solids at different temperature are placed in thermal contact with each other, there is a flow of heat... |
Summer Cooling Loads |
Room: Calculate the peak cooling loads (a) Sensible (b) Latent Zone: Simultaneous peak of rooms + zone loads (terminal fans, recirculation air, etc.) System: Simultaneous peak of... |
HEAT GAINS and LOSSES : ROOFS and WALLS |
Roof and wall are analyzed in the same way. In winter the heat loss is simple transmission based on the inside and outside temperature, and U-value of composite structure; Q(... |
HEAT GAINS and LOSSES : WINDOWS and SKYLIGHTS (Glass) |
The heat gain components through glass consists of solar radiation and conduction. Solar radiation is considered in two parts - direct and diffuse (or scatter). Diffuse radiation is... |
INTERNAL HEAT GAINS (IHG) |
The sources of internal heat gains (IHG) include: PEOPLE (sensible and latent heat gain) LIGHTS (sensible heat gain only) EQUIPMENT (a) Receptacles or electrical plug loads (sensible... |
VENTILATION, INFILTRATION & EXFILTRATION |
Outdoor Air is assumed to be fresh, clean air made up of the right combination of oxygen (21%), nitrogen (78%), and other gases (1% hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor).... |
Glass Information |
The information in the table below is based on 1/4" exterior pane, 1/2" space and 1/4" interior pane. Standard Low-E coating used in all H Window products is Guardian 71/38 (number 5... |
Building Science Insight |
Glass and Metal CurtainWall Systems R.L. Quirouette Foreward This paper is a reprinted version of Building Practice Note No. 37, entitled "Building Envelope Design Using Metal and... |
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART CARRIER |
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART TRANE |
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INSULATION |
U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Building Technologies Program INSULATION Insulation works by slowing down heat as it travels through walls,... |
Map of DOE’s Proposed Climate Zones |
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Understanding Vapor Barriers |
The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, August 2004. © Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is... |
Advanced HVAC Course |
Welcome to the advanced HVAC course. Proceed carefully! |
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